Understanding the Function And Special Features Keys On the Mac Keyboard

New Mac users sometimes don't understand why the top row of keys on the keyboard don't work as expected. These keys are both the function keys and the special features keys, also knows as f-keys and media control keys. You toggle how these keys behave with the fn key. But a setting in System Preferences determines which mode is the default one and which requires the fn key.

Video Transcript: Hi this is Gary with MacMost.com. Today I want to talk about a problem that trips up a lot of new Mac users. It's how to switch between the two modes of the top row of your Mac keyboard.
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So there are two different problems involving the top row of keys that Mac users face. One is that they want to use keyboard shortcuts in an app that show F1, F2, F3, etc., as the shortcut. But when they press those keys on the keyboard they don't work for that app. In fact they do completely different things. Another problem people have is sometimes they want to use the special functions at the top of the keyboard, like pausing music, changing screen brightness and such, and when they try to use those keys they just don't do anything. What's going on here?
Well basically the top row of keys has two different modes. Kind of like with the regular letter keys there's lower case and upper case letters. You hold the Shift key down to go from lower case to upper case. Just like that the top row has two different things that it does. It can do function keys like F1 or it can do Special Features like screen brightness. You switch between the two of them using a key, not the shift key, but the fn key which is usually at the bottom left corner of the keyboard, though not always. However it can be confusing because the keys can work in the opposite way for different people.
So with the Shift key not holding it down will always give you lower case letters. Holding it down will give you upper case letters. If that were true for the top row of keys the not holding down the fn key will always give you F1 and holding down the fn key would give you lower screen brightness. Now it can work that way but it can also work the opposite way. It's all due to a setting in System Preferences. 
You go to System Preferences, then Keyboard, and then click on the Keyboard tab at the top. Now you'll see a checkbox here. Now if this is checked by default all of these keys are used as the F keys. If you want to access something like screen brightness or the music playback controls, they're the special features, you hold the fn key and press one of these keys. However, if you uncheck this setting then it works the opposite way. Then by default if you're not holding down the fn key these will work to change brightness, volume, etc. Hold down the fn key to use them as F1, F2, F3.
So which way you have it set is your preference. If you use a lot of apps that use these F keys then you may want to have it set with the checkbox on so you can use the F keys without having to press the fn key. For instance a lot of PhotoShop users may want to use these F keys all the time. However, if you rarely ever use apps that use the F keys then you may want to have that checkbox unchecked so that the Special Features keys, like screen brightness and volume controls, are always the default. If you ever need to use them as an F key you can hold the fn key down and press the key to do that. 
Pages, Numbers, and Keynote also use these function keys a lot especially for custom styles. If you like to set your own keyboard shortcuts the function keys are very handy for that as most standard apps will use things like Command and then a letter for their standard shortcuts. So using the function key is a great way to set your own keyboard shortcuts without having too much of a chance of a conflict with an existing keyboard shortcut.
Now, of course, if you have a MacBook Pro with a Touch Bar then this problem kind of goes away. Because with a Touch Bar you always see what it is you're about to press. So you can hold the fn key and you can see the Touch Bar change so you know exactly what key you're triggering. You should also note that in a lot of tutorials and online documentation you'll see things like press the F1 key or press the F7 key. Now you know that those mean the function keys and you need to have your System Preferences set appropriately to use those or hold the fn key down to use them.

Comments: 3 Responses to “Understanding the Function And Special Features Keys On the Mac Keyboard”

Bill Braun

4 years ago

Gary - What do I hold down with an extended keyboard? There is no Function Key on my keyboard, but I would like to have the option to choose between the different functions - I use Keyboard Maestro a lot and have the Checkbox checked in system preferences. What do I have change to get the option to use the other functions?

Gary Rosenzweig

Bill: There is an FN key on every Apple keyboard. Perhaps you have it next to your Home key? To the right of the Delete key?

Thanks Gary, - I never noticed that before - I was always looking down by control or option or command. Thanks much! Love your videos and expertise - really informative and helpful.

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Understanding the Function And Special Features Keys On the Mac Keyboard

Comments: 3 Responses to “Understanding the Function And Special Features Keys On the Mac Keyboard”

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